PVC Vloer

Datum: 17 augustus 2023
Leestijd: 6 minuten
Auteur: Uipkes Houten Vloeren

The Origin And History Of PVC Floors

PVC, or polyvinyl chloride, is a material that has been used in various industries for decades. But before we delve deeper into the history of PVC floors, it is important to understand what exactly PVC is and how it came to be.

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Discovery of PVC

PVC was first discovered in the 19th century. In 1835, French chemist Henri Victor Regnault discovered a white powder in a newly insulated vinyl chloride bottle. This powder was the first form of PVC. However, it would be almost a century before PVC was produced and used commercially.

The Rise of PVC

In the early 20th century, scientists and engineers began to recognize the potential of PVC. In the 1920s and 1930s, PVC was commercially produced and used for a variety of applications, including pipes, cables and flooring.

PVC Floors: The Early Years

The first PVC floors were relatively simple and were mainly used in industrial and commercial environments due to their durability and resistance to chemicals. They were also popular because they were easy to clean and resistant to moisture.

In the 1950s and 1960s, the popularity of PVC floors began to grow in domestic environments. The floors were cheaper than traditional wood floors and offered a variety of designs and colors.


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  • PVC vloeren kunnen gelegd worden in het visgraat patroon

Innovations And Environmental Issues

In the 1970s and 1980s, PVC floors became increasingly advanced. Manufacturers introduced new techniques such as printing patterns and textures on the floor, making them look even more realistic.

However, during the same period concerns also arose about the environmental impact of PVC production. PVC contains chlorine, and its production can release harmful chemicals. This led to innovations in production processes to minimize environmental impacts.

The Modern PVC Floor

Today, PVC floors are a popular choice for both domestic and commercial applications. They are available in a wide range of styles, from realistic wood and stone looks to abstract patterns. The technology has also made it possible to produce PVC floors that are free of phthalates and other harmful substances.

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The Production of PVC: An In-Depth Look

What is PVC?

PVC, or polyvinyl chloride, is one of the most widely used plastics in the world. It is a thermoplastic material that can be either flexible or rigid depending on the additives.

PVC production process

The production of PVC starts with the extraction of salt and petroleum, the two primary raw materials. The process involves several steps:

Salt extraction: Salt, usually in the form of sodium chloride, is extracted from the earth or sea.

Petroleum extraction: Petroleum is extracted and then refined to produce ethylene.

Vinyl Chloride Production: Ethylene and chlorine, obtained from salt, are combined to form ethylene dichloride. This is then further processed to produce vinyl chloride monomer (VCM).

Polymerization:,VCM is polymerized under pressure and temperature to form PVC resin.

Additives In PVC

Various additives are added to give PVC its desired properties. These can be stabilizers, plasticizers, flame retardants and colorants. The choice of additives determines the flexibility, color, and other properties of the final product.

Environmental Impact of PVC Production

Raw material extraction: The extraction of salt and oil has a direct impact on the environment. Petroleum extraction can lead to oil spills and other environmental damage.

  

Chemical production: The production of VCM and other chemicals can lead to the release of harmful substances into the air and water.

 

Waste: PVC is difficult to biodegrade, which means it can remain in the environment for a long time. In addition, burning PVC can release dioxins and other harmful substances.

  

Plasticizers: Many PVC products contain phthalates, which are used as plasticizers. Concerns have been raised about the health effects of phthalates, and they can leach into the environment and affect ecosystems.

Read more about the disadvantages of PVC floors.

  • Pvc vloer gelegd in de slaapkamer

Modern Approach And Sustainability

Given the environmental impact of PVC, efforts have been made to develop more sustainable production methods and reduce the use of harmful additives. PVC recycling is also a growing area, reusing old PVC products to make new ones, reducing the need for new raw materials.

PVC, or polyvinyl chloride, is a versatile material used in many products, from building materials to toys. The impact of PVC on health can vary depending on how and where it is used. The impact of PVC on different groups of people is described below:

Adults:

Everyday exposure

Adults come into contact with PVC every day in their homes, offices and other environments. This can be in the form of floors, window frames, pipes and more. The direct health risks from such exposure are generally low, provided the PVC product is properly manufactured and does not contain harmful plasticizers or other additives.

Softeners 
Many PVC products contain phthalates, which are used as plasticizers. Concerns have been raised about the health effects of phthalates, including hormone disruption. Long-term exposure to high levels of phthalates can cause health problems.

Children

Toys and care products
PVC is often used in children's toys and care products. Children, especially babies, tend to put objects in their mouths, which puts them at higher risk of exposure to any harmful chemicals in PVC products.

Health risks
Children are more sensitive to the effects of harmful chemicals. Exposure to phthalates has been linked to developmental and reproductive problems. Therefore, many countries have banned or restricted the use of certain phthalates in children's toys and personal care products. Read here more about the disadvantages of PVC floors for health of babies and children.

People Who Process PVC Daily

Exposure during production
People who work in PVC factories or handle PVC on a daily basis, such as construction, flooring, can be exposed to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) and other chemicals used in the production of PVC. VCM is classified as a carcinogen and can cause health problems if inhaled.

Protective measures
 It is essential that workers working with PVC wear appropriate protective equipment and work in well-ventilated environments to minimize exposure to harmful chemicals.

Long term effects
Long-term exposure to harmful chemicals in PVC can lead to chronic health problems, including respiratory problems, skin irritations and in some cases cancer.

When PVC is exposed to elevated temperatures, such as underfloor heating or direct sunlight, various physical and chemical changes can occur. Here are some of the possible risks and effects when PVC is heated to 60 degrees Celsius:

Deformation:

PVC can begin to soften and deform at temperatures close to 60 degrees Celsius. This means it can lose its shape, which can be especially problematic for PVC floors, which can bulge or warp.

 Chemical emissions:

When heated, some PVC products can emit potentially harmful chemicals such as phthalates (if present as a plasticizer) or other volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These substances can affect indoor air quality and cause health problems when inhaled.

Discoloration:

Prolonged exposure to high temperatures can lead to discoloration of PVC products. This can be aesthetically unpleasant, especially when it comes to visible surfaces such as floors.

 Loss of mechanical properties:

The mechanical properties of PVC, such as tensile strength and flexibility, can be affected by prolonged exposure to high temperatures. This can lead to reduced product life and performance.

Possible release of harmful substances:

When heated to very high temperatures (usually above 200 degrees Celsius), PVC can release dioxins and other harmful substances. Although 60 degrees Celsius is generally not high enough to produce dioxins, it is important to know that PVC should not be burned or exposed to extremely high temperatures.

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Evolution PVC Floors

PVC flooring has evolved over the years and now offers a wide range of shapes, styles and finishes. Here is an overview of the different types of PVC floors based on shape and finish:

Shapes of PVC floors:

  • Planks: These are designed to resemble traditional wooden planks and are often found in wood-look PVC flooring. They are long and narrow, similar to hardwood planks.
  • Tiles: PVC tiles are square or rectangular and can be designed to resemble ceramic or stone tiles.
  • Sheets: PVC flooring is also available in large, flexible sheets that can be rolled out over a large area. These are ideal for larger spaces and provide a seamless finish.

Finishes And Styles Of PVC Floors:

  • Wood Look: One of the most popular styles, these PVC floors mimic the look of various wood species , such as oak, cherry, walnut, etc. They often have a realistic texture that mimics the grain of real wood.
  • Stone and marble look: These PVC floors resemble natural stone or marble and offer a luxurious look without the high costs and maintenance of real stone.
  • Metallic: For a more modern look, there are PVC floors with a metallic finish.
  • Abstract patterns: These can range from geometric designs to random patterns and are ideal for modern interiors.
  • Texture: Depending on the desired look and feel, PVC floors can have a variety of textures, from smooth to rough, to mimic different materials.

Special Features

  • Embossed PVC floors: These have a raised pattern that accurately reflects the texture of the material they are trying to mimic, such as wood grain or stone texture.
  • Water resistant: Many PVC floors are designed to be completely water resistant, making them ideal for damp areas such as bathrooms and kitchens.
  • Non-slip: Some PVC floors have a non-slip finish, which makes them safer for use in areas where slipping may be a risk.

Summary PVC Floors

PVC, or polyvinyl chloride, is a material that is both useful and versatile and is used in a wide range of applications, including flooring. Its durability and adaptability have made it a popular choice for many homeowners and businesses. However, despite the benefits, there are some considerations one should keep in mind when choosing and using PVC flooring. First of all, it is crucial to be aware of the potential health risks associated with PVC, especially for vulnerable groups such as children and people who process the material on a daily basis. Although regulations and standards have evolved over the years to ensure the safety of PVC products, it is essential to stay well informed. By staying up to date with the latest research and recommendations, users can ensure they are applying PVC in the safest way possible. When it comes to the installation and maintenance of PVC flooring, there are specific guidelines that must be followed to ensure its longevity and maximize the quality of the floor. For example, although PVC floors often work well with underfloor heating , it is crucial to follow the manufacturer's specifications and recommendations closely. This helps to prevent problems such as deformation or damage to the floor. In addition, it is important to protect PVC floors from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures. Exposure to temperatures up to 60 degrees Celsius can lead to deformation and other unwanted effects. Finally, for those considering installing PVC flooring in their home or office, the material offers incredible versatility in terms of aesthetics and functionality. Whether you prefer a traditional wood look or a modern, abstract design, the market is likely to offer a PVC floor that perfectly suits your taste and needs. Before making a final decision, it is always a good idea to look at and feel several samples. This ensures that you make an informed choice and ultimately choose a floor that is both beautiful and functional for your space.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is PVC?

PVC, or polyvinyl chloride, is one of the most widely used plastics in the world, known for its versatility in various applications, including flooring.

What types of PVC floors are available?

PVC floors are available in planks, tiles and sheets, each with their own unique aesthetic and application.

Is wood look in PVC possible?

Yes, PVC floors are available in a wood look that mimics the look of different wood species , complete with a realistic texture that mimics the grain of real wood.

Are PVC floors suitable for damp areas such as bathrooms?

Many PVC floors are designed to be completely water resistant, making them ideal for damp areas such as bathrooms and kitchens.

What happens to PVC floors when they are exposed to high temperatures, such as direct sunlight?

When exposed to high temperatures, PVC floors can deform, discolour and emit potentially harmful chemicals. It is important to avoid or limit direct exposure to sunlight and other heat sources.

Are there any health risks associated with PVC floors?

Although PVC floors are generally safe for household use, some may contain phthalates or other additives that can cause health problems if inhaled, especially when heated.

What about the texture of PVC floors?

Depending on the desired look and feel, PVC floors can have a variety of textures, from smooth to rough, to mimic different materials.

Are PVC floors slip-resistant?

Some PVC floors have a non-slip finish, which makes them safer for use in areas where slipping may be a risk.

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